• NAME
  
  groff_char - groff character names
• DESCRIPTION
  
  . . . . groff_char(7)
  This file is part of groff (GNU roff).
  File position: <groff_src_top>/man/groff_char.man Last update: 20 July 2002
  Copyright (C) 1989-2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. written by Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org> with additions by Bernd Warken <bwarken@mayn.de>
  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being this .ig-section and AUTHOR, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.
  A copy of the Free Documentation License is included as a file called FDL in the main directory of the groff source package. . . . . . . tr [aq][aq] . if !c[aq] .  ds aq ' . " This is very special.  The standard devdvi fonts don't have a . " real `aq' glyph; it is defined with .char to be ' instead. . " The .tr request below in the definition of the C macro maps . " the apostrophe ' onto the `aq' glyph which would cause a . " recursive loop.  gtroff prevents this within the .char . " request, trying to access glyph `aq' directly from the font. . " Consequently, we get a warning, and nothing is printed. . " . " The following line prevents this. . if '[.T]'dvi' .  if !r ECFONTS .   ds aq ' . " The same is true for X . ds dev [.T] . substring dev 0 0 . if '[dev]'X' .ds aq ' . ig . . .     +w'Input'u+n(Spu     +w'Input'u+n(Spu     +w'periodcentered'u+n(Spu . . . . . . . . . . . . This manual page lists the standard groff input characters. . The output characters in this document will look different depending on which output device was chosen (with option -T for the man(1) program or the roff formatter). . Only the characters that are available for the device that is being used to print or view this manual page will be . . In the actual version, groff provides only 8-bit characters for direct input and named characters for further glyphs. . On ASCII platforms, character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual 7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted as the corresponding characters in the Latin-1 ( ISO-8859-1 ) code set. . On EBCDIC platforms, only the code page cp1047 is supported (which contains the same characters as Latin-1). . It is rather straightforward (for the experienced user) to set up other 8bit encodings like Latin-2 ; since groff will use Unicode in the next major version, no additional encodings are provided. . . All roff systems provide the concept of named characters. . In traditional roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also provides support for longer names. . It is strongly suggested that only named characters are used for all characters outside of the 7-bit ASCII range. . . Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1) also produce single characters; these exist for historical reasons or are printable versions of syntactical characters. . They include \\ , \' , \` , \- , \. , and \e ; see groff(7) . . . In groff, all of these different types of characters can be tested positively with the .if c conditional. . .
• REFERENCE
  
  . In this section, the characters in groff are specified in tabular form. . The meaning of the columns is as follows. . .

  "Output"

  shows how the character is printed for the current device; although this can have quite a different shape on other devices, it always represents the same glyph. . .

  "Input name"

  specifies how the character is input either directly by a key on the keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence. . .

  "Input code"

  applies to characters which can be input with a single character, and gives the ISO Latin-1 decimal code of that input character. . Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode characters; (including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127). . .

  "PostScript name"

  gives the usual PostScript name of the output character. . .

  "ASCII Characters" . These are the basic characters having 7-bit ASCII code values. . These are identical to the first 127 characters of the character standards ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) and Unicode (range "C0 Controls and Basic Latin" ). . To save space, not every code has an entry in the following because the following code ranges are well known. .

  0-32

  Control characters (print as themselves). .

  48-57

  Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves). .

  65-90

  Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves). .

  97-122

  Lower case letters a-z (print as themselves). .

  127

  Control character (prints as itself). . The remaining ranges constitute the printable, non-alphanumeric ASCII characters; only these are listed below. . As can be seen in the table below, most of these characters print as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters: .

  `

  the ISO Latin-1 `Grave Accent' (code 96) prints as `, a left single quotation mark, .

  (aq

  the ISO Latin-1 `Apostrophe' (code 39) prints as ', a right single quotation mark; the corresponding ISO Latin-1 characters can be obtained with \` and \(aq . .

  -

  the ISO Latin-1 `Hyphen, Minus Sign' (code 45) prints as a hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with \- . .

  ~

  the ISO Latin-1 `Tilde' (code 126); a larger glyph can be obtained with \(ti . .

  ^

  the ISO Latin-1 `Circumflex Accent' (code 94); a larger glyph can be obtained with \(ha . . . . .

  "Latin-1 Special Characters" . These characters have character codes between 128 and 255. . They are interpreted as characters according to the Latin-1 ( iso-8859-1 ) code set, being identical to the Unicode range "C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement" . .

  128-159

  . the C1 Controls; they print as themselves, but the effect is mostly undefined. .

  160

  . the ISO Latin-1 no-break space is mapped to `\ ' , the escaped space character. .

  173

  . the soft hyphen control character (prints as itself). . groff never use this character for output (thus it is omitted in the table below); the input character 173 is mapped onto \% . . . The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255), called the Latin-1 Supplement in Unicode, are printable characters that print as themselves. . Although they can be specified directly with the keyboard on systems with a Latin-1 code page, it is better to use their named character equivalent; see next section. . . . .

  "Named Characters" . The named character idiom is the standard way to specify special characters in roff systems. . They can be embedded into the document text by using escape sequences. . groff(7) describes how these escape sequences look. . The character names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the ASCII or Latin-1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters. . Here some examples: .

  \ c

  named character having the name c , which consists of a single character (length 1). .

  \( ch

  named character having the 2-character name ch . .

  \[ char_name ]

  named character having the name char_name (having length 1, 2, 3, ...). . . In groff, each 8bit input character can also referred to by the construct \n[char n ] where n is the decimal code of the character, a number between 0 and 255 without leading zeros. . They are mapped onto glyph entities using the .trin request. . Moreover, new character names can be created by the .char request; see groff(7) . . .

      +w'Input'u+n(Spu-1n     +1n     +w'periodcentered'u+n(Spu . Ligatures . Accented Characters . Accents . Quotes . Punctuation . Brackets . Arrows . Lines . Text markers . Legalize . Currency symbols . Units . Logical Symbols . Mathematical Symbols . . . . . . Greek characters . Card symbols . .
• AUTHOR
  
  . Copyright © 1989-2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. . This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free Documentation License) version 1.1 or later. . You should have received a copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the . This document is part of groff , the GNU roff distribution. . It was written by with additions by and . .
• SEE ALSO
  
  .

  groff(1)

  the GNU roff formatter. .

  groff(7)

  a short reference of the groff formatting language. . . "An extension to the troff character set for Europe" , E.G. Keizer, K.J. Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9, No. 2, Summer 1989 . . .

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